
Non-invasive tests to screen for foetal aneuploidy are rapidly emerging on the UK market, carrying a lower risks for mothers and foetuses than their invasive counterparts. But what do relevant studies highlight about the comparative performance of these tests?
Abstract
The advent of new DNA-based non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has helped to introduce a new highly accurate screening opportunity for foetal aneuploidy. Invasive techniques were once the only source of information on the genetic health of the foetus, but linked to miscarriage, these are reserved only for high-risk patients.
With advances in DNA sequencing technologies coinciding with the discovery of foetal circulating cell-free DNA in the maternal blood, non-invasive screening of trisomies, including trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome) and trisomy 18 (Edward’s syndrome) is now possible from a standard maternal blood test.
Many new DNA-based NIPTs are appearing on the market, with performance and benefits assessed through comprehensive clinic-based validation studies. This article aims to discuss the comparative performances of the tests during these studies…
For the full article, contact us and ask about subscription:
David Warne
T: 01423 851 150
E: david.warne@barkerbrooks.co.uk
References
- Nicolaides KH. Screening for foetal aneuploidies at 11 to 13 weeks. Prenat Diagn 2011;31(1):7–15.
- Malone FD, Canick JA, Ball RH, et al. First-trimester or second trimester screening, or both, for Down’s syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(19):2001–11.
- Wald NJ. Prenatal screening for open neural tube defects and Down syndrome: three decades of progress. Prenat Diagn 2010;30(7):619–21.
- Rozenberg P, Bussieres L, Chevret S, et al. Screening for Down syndrome using first-trimester combined screening followed by second trimester ultrasound examination in an unselected population. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;195(5):1379–87.
- Corrado F, Cannata ML, La Galia T, et al. Pregnancy outcome following mid-trimester amniocentesis. J Obstet Gynaecol 2012;32:117–9.
- Enzensberger C, Pulvermacher C, Degenhardt J, et al. Fetal Loss Rate and Associated Risk Factors After Amniocentesis, Chorionic Villus Sampling and Fetal Blood Sampling. Ultraschall Med 2012;33(7):E75-9.
- Kollmann M, Haeusler M, Haas J, et al. Procedure-Related Complications after Genetic Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling. Ultraschall Med 2012;34(4):345-8.
- Lo YM, Corbetta N, Chamberlain PF, et al. Presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum. Lancet. 1997 16;350(9076):485-7.
- Dan S, Wang W, Ren J, et al. Clinical application of massively parallel sequencing-based prenatal noninvasive fetal trisomy test for trisomies 21 and 18 in 11,105 pregnancies with mixed risk factors. Prenat Diagn. 2012;32(13):1225-32.
- Sparks AB, Wang ET, Struble CA, et al. Selective analysis of cell-free DNA in maternal blood for evaluation of fetal trisomy. Prenat Diagn 2012;32(1):3-9.
- Sparks, AB, Struble, CA, Wang, ET, et al. Non-invasive Prenatal Detection and Selective Analysis of Cell-free DNA Obtained from Maternal Blood: Evaluation for Trisomy 21 and Trisomy 18. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.01.030.
- Ashoor, G, Syngelaki, A, Wagner, M, et al. Chromosome-selective sequencing of maternal plasma cell-free DNA for first trimester detection of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.01.029.
- Norton, M, Brar, H, Weiss, J, et al. Non-Invasive Chromosomal Evaluation (NICE) Study: Results of a Multicenter, Prospective, Cohort Study for Detection of Fetal Trisomy 21 and Trisomy 18. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207(2):137.
- Nicolaides KH, Syngelaki A, Ashoor G, et al. Noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal trisomies in a routinely screened first-trimester population. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;207:374.e1-6.
- Ashoor, G, Syngelaki, A, Nicolaides, KH, et al. Trisomy 13 detection in the first trimester of pregnancy using a chromosome-selective cell-free DNA analysis method. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;41(1):21-5.
- Bianchi DW, Platt LD, Goldberg JD, et al. Genome-wide fetal aneuploidy detection by maternal plasma DNA sequencing. Obstet Gynecol 2012;119(5):890–901.
- Sehnert AJ, Rhees B, Comstock D, et al. Optimal detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities by massively parallel DNA sequencing of cell-free fetal DNA from maternal blood. Clin Chem 2011;57(7):1042–9.
- Palomaki GE, Kloza EM, Lambert-Messerlian GM, et al. DNA sequencing of maternal plasma to detect Down syndrome: an international clinical validation study. Genet Med 2011;13(11):913–20.
- Palomaki GE, Deciu C, Kloza EM, et al. DNA sequencing of maternal plasma reliably identifies trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 as well as Down syndrome: an international collaborative study. Genet Med 2012;14(3):296–305.
- Jiang F, Ren J, Chen F, et al. Noninvasive Fetal Trisomy (NIFTY) test: an advanced noninvasive prenatal diagnosis methodology for fetal autosomal and sex chromosomal aneuploidies. BMC Med Genomics. 2012;1;5:57. doi: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-57.
- Gil MM, Quezada MS, Bregant B et al. Implementation of maternal blood cell-free DNA testing in early screening for aneuploidies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013;42(1):34-40.
- Garfield SS & Armstrong SO. Clinical and cost consequences of incorporating a novel non-invasive prenatal test into the diagnostic pathway for fetal trisomies. J Managed Care Med 2012;15(2):34–41.
- Chiu RW, Akolekar R, Zheng YW, et al. Non-invasive prenatal assessment of trisomy 21 by multiplexed maternal plasma DNA sequencing: large scale validity study. BMJ 2011;342:c7401.
- Ehrich M, Deciu C, Zwiefelhofer T, et al. Noninvasive detection of fetal trisomy 21 by sequencing of DNA in maternal blood: a study in a clinical setting. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204(3):205 e1–11.
- Walsh, JME & Goldberg JD. Fetal aneuploidy detection by maternal plasma DNA sequencing: a technology assessment. Prenat Diagn 2103;33(6):514-20.